Memorials have been erected commemorating their deaths. [29][30] The Guru also gave them a new surname "Singh" (lion). He stayed with relatives or trusted Sikhs such as the three grandsons of Rai Jodh, a devotee of Guru Har Gobind. He had four children. [33], He introduced ideas that indirectly challenged the discriminatory taxes imposed by Islamic authorities. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the Dasam Granth whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals. The letter is spiritually rooted in Guru Gobind Singh's beliefs about justice and dignity without fear. [18] The final version did not accept the extraneous hymns in other versions, and included the compositions of his father Guru Tegh Bahadur. [19], Guru Gobind Singh is also credited with the Dasam Granth. [2] Tegh Bahadur considered a peaceful resolution by meeting Aurangzeb, but was cautioned by his advisors that his life may be at risk. He institutionalized the Khalsa (literally, Pure Ones), who played the key role in protecting the Sikhs long after his death, such as during the nine invasions of Panjab and holy war led by Ahmad Shah Abdali from Afghanistan between 1747 and 1769. [79], After the Second Battle of Anandpur in 1704, the Guru and his remaining soldiers moved and stayed in different spots including hidden in places such as the Machhiwara jungle of southern Panjab. When all other means have failed, [5][86] Some scholars state that the assassin who killed Guru Gobind Singh may not have been sent by Wazir Khan, but was instead sent by the Mughal army that was staying nearby. He was born in Patna on 22 December 1666, Bihar in the Sodhi Khatri family [20] while his father was visiting Bengal and Assam. [16][17] He is also credited as the one who finalized and enshrined the Guru Granth Sahib as Sikhism's primary scripture and eternal Guru. Guru Gobind Singh moulded the Sikh religion into its present form that we see today with the formation of the Khalsa in 1699 and completed the final layout of the perpetual Sikh Guru, the Guru Granth Sahib which some will say was his greatest act. His tradition has survived into the modern times, with initiated Sikh referred to as Khalsa Sikh, while those who do not get baptized referred to as Sahajdhari Sikhs. [36] The Khalsa Sikhs saw themselves as a separate religious entity, while the Nanak-panthi Sikhs retained their different perspective. Guru Gobind Singh and Mata Jito/Sundri had four sons who were: Sahibzada Ajit Singh, Sahibzada Jujhar Singh, Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Sahibzada Fateh Singh, Prise de Jérusalem par Hérode le Grand.jpg, Sant Giani Kartar Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale, https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Family_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh?oldid=54527. J Deol (2000), Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity (Editors: AS Mandair, C Shackle, G Singh), Routledge. Gobind Singh was the only son of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh guru, and Mata Gujri. His youngest sons, aged 5 and 8, were tortured and then executed by burying them alive into a wall after they refused to convert to Islam, and Mata Gujri collapsed on hearing her grandsons' death, and died shortly after. [29] According to the Sikh tradition, he asked for a volunteer from those who gathered, someone willing to sacrifice his head. [29], Guru Gobind Singh then mixed water and sugar into an iron bowl, stirring it with a double-edged sword to prepare what he called Amrit ("nectar"). [85] They gained access to the Guru and Jamshed Khan stabbed him with a fatal wound at Nanded. It is but lawful to take to the sword. [56], Guru Gobind Singh believed in a Dharam Yudh (war in defence of righteousness), something that is fought as a last resort, neither out of a wish for revenge nor for greed nor for any destructive goals. Christopher Shackle and Arvind Mandair (2005), Teachings of the Sikh Gurus, Routledge. [2] His birth name was Gobind Rai, and a shrine named Takht Sri Patna Harimandar Sahib marks the site of the house where he was born and spent the first four years of his life. In 1670, his family returned to Punjab, and in March 1672 they moved to Chakk Nanaki in the Himalayan foothills of north India, called … [29], Guru Gobind Singh initiated the Five K's tradition of the Khalsa,[31], He also announced a code of discipline for Khalsa warriors. [4][34] Not shaving the head also meant not having to pay the taxes by Sikhs who lived in Delhi and other parts of the Mughal Empire. The Guru fought back and killed the assassin, while the assassin's companion was killed by the Sikh guards as he tried to escape. [citation needed] His two eldest sons, aged 13 and 17, were killed in the Battle of Chamkaur against the Mughal army. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam,[8][9] Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs at the age of nine, becoming the tenth and final human Sikh Guru. However Hardip Singh Syan gives the date as 18 October 1708. [6], According to Senapati's Sri Gur Sobha, an early 18th century writer, the fatal wounds of the Guru was one below his heart. The grandparents of the tenth Guru were, the sixth Sikh Guru Guru Hargobind and Mata Nanaki. Tobacco, eating 'halal' meat (a way of slaughtering in which the animal's throat is slit open and it is left to bleed before being slaughtered), fornication and adultery were forbidden. His father was the 9th Guru of Sikhs and was on a preaching tour in Assam at the time of Gobind Rai’s birth. He was married to Mata Jito and Mata Sundari. [76][78], The Mughal accounts suggest that the Muslim commanders viewed the Sikh panth as one divided into sects with different loyalties, and after the battle of Anandpur, the Mughals felt that the Guru's forces had become a small band of left over warriors. He became Guru on November 11, 1675 at the age of nine, following in the footsteps of his father Guru Teg Bahadur. Guru Gobind Singh (December 22, 1666 in Patna, Bihar, India - October 7, 1708) was the tenth and last of the Ten human form Gurus of Sikhism. [18][19], Gobind Singh was the only son of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh guru, and Mata Gujri. [44][17] The standard edition of the text contains 1,428 pages with 17,293 verses in 18 sections. Child (ren) of Guru Gobind Singh and Mata Jito Zorawar (17 November, 1696) (Son) Fateh (26 December, 1705) (Son) Ajit (1687) (Son) [36] These developments created two groups of Sikhs, those who initiated as Khalsa, and others who remained Sikhs but did not undertake the initiation. [31][32] The Khalsas also agreed to never interact with those who followed rivals or their successors. [55] Both Mughal administration and Aurangzeb's army had an active interest in Guru Gobind Singh. List of places named after Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sri Dasam Granth Sahib: Questions and Answers: The book on Sri Dasam Granth Sahib, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guru_Gobind_Singh&oldid=988582092, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 November 2020, at 01:21. 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