The United States supported the Shah who was non-fundamentalist Shia. The Egyptian military governed until former army chief Abdul Fattah al-Sisi won the 2014 and 2016 elections. Iran is primarily Shiite and has been led by a Shiite Supreme Leader since its Islamic Revolution in 1979. Zakat – the giving of charity to the poor. In some countries like Iraq, Syria, Kuwait and Bahrain, communities have mingled and intermarried. The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah in 1979. Iran dominates those led by Shiites. That dependence has lessened as shale oil is developed domestically and reliance on renewable resources increases. It also launched successful rocket attacks against Haifa and other cities. Iran is primarily Shiite and has been led by a Shiite Supreme Leader since its Islamic Revolution in 1979. Lutherans and Baptists are basically the same. They consider their Imams to be the true leaders, not the state. Iran-Iraq War - Iran fought a war with Iraq from 1980 to 1988. This created the Iran-Contra Scandal in 1986, implicating the Reagan administration in illegal activities. The Brookings Institute. CIA World Factbook. One of the biggest Shiite holidays is the anniversary of Husayn’s death on the holiday named Ashura, the tenth day of the Islamic month of Muharram. “The Political Economy of Climate Change in the Arab Region,” Accessed March 6, 2020. This should inform our prayers. "Lebanon: People and Society," Accessed March 6, 2020. Despite this, the United States financed the Nicaraguan “contras” rebellion against the Sandinista government by secretly selling arms to Iran. After Ali and his son Hasan’s deaths, Husayn took over as the spiritual leader of Shiite Islam until AD 680 when he was killed by Sunni Muslims during a battle in Karbala, Iraq. The city of Karbala in Iraq is a pilgrimage site for Shiite Muslims, many of whom sell everything they own to visit this sacred battleground. Islamic State capitalized upon the impact of the drought during the Iraq conflict. The terrorists captured the Mosul and Fallujah for the dams. In February 2020, the Taliban and the United States signed a peace deal, but fighting continued. "Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood," Accessed March 6, 2020. 1979 Iran Hostage Crisis - Following the revolution, the United States allowed the deposed Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi into the country for medical treatment. To protest, the Ayatollah let the U.S. Embassy be overrun. They affirm that Allah is the one true God and that Muhammed is his prophet. Saudi Arabia and Iran are the leading powers of the two branches of Islam. Even centuries later, this martyrdom and the issue of rightful leadership over Islam is still the heart of the Sunni-Shiite divide. The United States receives 20% of its oil from the Middle East. 2 Iran is the world's fourth-largest oil producer. Only 10% of the population is Sunni. Iran is the world's fourth-largest oil producer. "The Iraq War," Accessed March 6, 2020. Council on Foreign Relations. 2001 - Present Afghanistan War - The United States removed the Taliban from power for harboring Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida. The group continued its attacks. "About Saudi Arabia," Accessed March 6, 2020. 2011 Arab Spring – This series of anti-government protests and armed rebellions spread across the Middle East and North Africa. It sprung from the revolt of people who were tired of high unemployment and repressive regimes. Council of Foreign Relations. Only 10% of the population is Sunni. We celebrate that truth. For Shiite Muslims, revering the “family of the house” brings you closer to God. "Comparing Al Qaeda and ISIS: Different Goals, Different Targets," Accessed March 6, 2020. "Sunni" in Arabic means "one who follows the traditions of the Prophet. They read the Quran and adhere to the following five pillars of Islam:. Second, show practical love to all. Egypt is ruled by 90% Sunni majority. The Arab Spring in 2011 deposed Hosni Mubarak. The Muslim Brotherhood candidate, Mohammed Morsi, was elected president in 2012, but he was deposed in 2013. In 2016, it hit a record 54 degrees Celsius at Mitribah, Kuwait and Turbat, Pakistan. That's 129.2 degrees Fahrenheit and one of the highest recorded temperatures in the world. The loss of Husayn and the leadership of Muhammad’s family cast an enduring hue of sadness over Shiite Muslims. "The Sunni-Shia Divide," Accessed March 6, 2020. Kindness can look like showing new neighbors where to shop or where the nearest park is. This battle and the death of Husayn is a bitter memory for Shiite Muslims. Calling for democracy, they led to civil wars in Syria, Iraq, Libya, and Yemen. The Islamic State group also controls large portions of Syria, including Raqqa. U.S. Navy. Shahada – a declaration of faith all true Muslims must make. It grew into an umbrella organization for Islamist groups in Syria, Sudan, Jordan, Kuwait, Yemen, Libya, and Iraq. Sunni Muslims find the Shiite obsession with the house of Muhammad to be a false Islam that places undue veneration on the prophet’s family. Yet when we lovingly share the truth of Christ, they have the opportunity to receive freedom as the Spirit opens their hearts. It was founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hasan al-Banna to promote networking, philanthropy, and spreading the faith. This Sunni group wants to replace non-fundamentalist governments with authoritarian Islamic states governed by religious law. They also target their attacks on the United States, who they believe is the root cause of the Middle East's problems. Iran, on the other hand, descends from the 16th century Persian Empire. “IEA Atlas of Energy,” Select "Oil Net Trade." Many of these tablets are inscribed with the names of Husayn or others from the prophet’s family. Sunnis form the majority of the Muslim population. The heart of Sunni Islam is Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Islam. Muslims are now observing Ramadan, the Islamic month of fasting, until June 4. In modern times, the split has fostered battles for power and resources. Third, remember that only the truth about Christ sets us free from bondage to sin. The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah in 1979. The Ayatollah is the Supreme Leader of Iran. The Sunni-Shia split is complicated by the nationalistic schism among Middle East countries. Arabs descend from the Ottoman Empire, which existed from the 15th through the 20th century. 2011 to Present Syrian Conflict – This began as part of the Arab Spring movement. Even fervent Shiites who complete the pilgrimage to Mecca often face mistreatment in Saudi Arabia by majority-Sunnis. When they prostrate for prayer, Shiite Muslims place their face on a clay tablet called a turbah. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Consider inviting Muslims you know to break their fast at your house for an evening meal. Even so, the Shiites did not recognize Abu Bakr as legitimate and held fast to their conviction about their allegiance to Muhammad’s descendants whom they called Āl al-Bayt, the “family of the house.”. Islam was more than a private religion—it dictated social and political events. This camp favored Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and they became known as the shi’atu Ali (“party of Ali”), or Shiite Muslims. The Hezbollah recently sent fighters to Syria with backing from Iran. Timeline of the U.S. Wars in the Middle East, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, and Yemen, Cost of Iraq War, Its Timeline, and the Economic Impact, Iran's Economy, the Impact of the Nuclear Deal, and Sanctions, Oligarchy Countries, with Examples from History and Today, President Richard M. Nixon's Economic Policies, Republican Presidents' Impact on the Economy, Trump vs. Obama on Their Economic Policies, Militarism, Its History, and Its Impact on the Economy, Afghanistan War Cost, Timeline, and Economic Impact, Petrodollars and the System that Created It, What Has Obama Done? , The Jewish majority rules a Sunni minority of 1.2 million people.. Iraq is ruled by a 65%-70% Shia majority after the United States toppled Sunni leader, Saddam Hussein. This downfall of Saddam shifted the balance of power in the Middle East. Fundamentalist factions of both Sunnis and Shiites promote terrorism. There are 11 countries that either ally with either Sunni Saudi Arabia or Shiite Iran. The power play of these two countries causes constant friction within the Middle East. Saddam Hussein was a Sunni dictator in a largely Shiite country. When Muhammad died in AD 632, a great dispute arose over who would claim his position as the leader of the new religion. Sawm - fasting during Ramadan. 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