While it is unclear to what extent this violence may have been connected to developments in Tunisia or to the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade, at least one incident in February 2013—a coordinated assault on an Algerian army base at Khenchela—was reportedly conducted by a group of fighters bearing a striking resemblance to the descriptions of the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade. TRAC is in no way attempting to determine whether groups or individuals are terrorists -- only to convey reported information about their activities and official State status. Sidi Bouzid gilt als Wiege des Aufstandes in der Arabischen Welt, des sogenannten Arabischen Frühlings. The use of this website and its material is subject to the Terms of Use and accordingly you must not use any content from this website for commercial or other analogous purposes without our consent, The explosion killed one policeman and injured six others. According to United States European Command: “The goal of TSCTI is to counter terrorist influences in the region and assist governments to better control their territory and to prevent huge tracts of largely deserted African territory from becoming a safe haven for terrorist groups.” Through the program, the U.S. trains national forces in each partner country with the objective to increase communication and collaboration on counterterrorism issues in the region. Mehr Informationen dazu finden Sie in unserer Datenschutzerklärung. Der eine sei ein Kommandeur einer Gruppe gewesen, die mit Al-Kaida im islamischen Maghreb (Aqmi) verbündet sei. In March 2017, a Tunisian government representative said Tunisia was expecting a 30 percent increase in tourist arrivals that year. Wir verwenden Cookies, um unser Angebot für Sie zu verbessern. [13] Although the extent of AST’s relationship with AQIM is unknown, AQIM leaders have repeatedly offered advice to the group on how to proceed in Tunisia. There are an estimated 30,000 French citizens living in Tunisia. Yet Ennahda’s more moderate policies have placed it at odds with more hard line groups such as AST and other Salafists. [2] Uqba ibn Nafi was a seventh century Arab general under the Umayyad Caliphate who founded the Tunisian city of Qayrawan. Aaron Y. Zelin is the Richard Borow fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, and maintains the website Jihadology.net. “Don’t be deceived by the people who call to democracy by decorating it under the name of the truth and give it a religious garment,” the statement implored. [29] Abu Yahya al-Shinqiti, “O People of Tunisia of al-Qayrawan Be Supporters of Shari`a al-Rahman,” al-Andalus Media, May 18, 2013; Shaykh Ahmad Abu `Abd al-Ilah, “Letter of Advice to Ennahda in Tunisia of al-Qayrawan,” al-Andalus Media, May 21, 2013. As of late 2015, an estimated 6,000 Tunisians had reportedly joined jihadist groups in Iraq and Syria. Among other initiatives, the project will provide training on “countering online hate speech” and will develop “new media spaces to disseminate alternative narratives by and for youth.” (Sources: United Nations, United Nations, UNESCO), Tunisia is a member of the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI), an international, interagency partnership between the U.S. and eleven countries in the Sahel-Sahara region. Copyright and Disclaimer GardaWorld is the owner or licensee of all intellectual property rights in the material presented on this website. During a second raid two days later, a suspect in the assassination of Mohamed Brahmi was arrested along with four other fighters. [1] A series of security incidents in and around Tunisia, however, have been attributed to al-Qa`ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and more recently to an opaque group known as the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade. Zwei von ihnen wurden getötet, drei weitere festgenommen. AST has not publicly held an annual conference since. [34] Still, this cooperation appears limited. (Sources: CNN, Al Jazeera, Guardian), According to Aaron Zelin at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, after the Tunisian government designated AST as a terrorist organization in August 2013, “a majority of the Tunisians that remained involved in jihadism joined up with ISIS in Syria and later in Libya.” Even prior to that designation, the flow of Tunisians out of the country was so great that AST’s Seifallah Ben Hassine lamented that the wars in Syria and Mali have “emptied Tunisia of its young.” By July 2015, approximately 5,500 Tunisians had reportedly traveled to Syria to fight, primarily with ISIS, against Bashar al-Assad’s government. (Sources: Al-Monitor, Al Jazeera), As early as March 2015, the Tunisian government introduced legislation making it more difficult for Tunisians under the age of 35 to travel freely to Libya, Turkey, or Serbia, key transit points to Syria and Iraq. A study conducted by the Tunisian Center for Research and Studies on Terrorism found that 69 percent of Tunisia’s jihadists had traveled to Libya for military training. As of June 2017, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research had allocated $1.2 million over five years to study the roots of radicalization among young people and how to combat it. The attackers had originally planned to attack the Tunisian parliament, but opted to attack the museum because of its lighter security. (Sources: Washington Institute For Near East Policy, BBC News, Eurasia Review, Reuters, War on the Rocks), In August 2013, Tunisian security forces seized a list allegedly compiled by AST that included the names of politicians, anti-Islamist media figures, and academics to be assassinated. Although AST has distanced itself from violence at this time, it has shown a devotion to Salafi-jihadi ideology, a fact that can be seen from both their own explanations and threats,[9] as well as the significant and long-standing connections that leaders and key members of the organization have to transnational jihadists. The initiative is a partnership between research centers in several Tunisian cities and the ministries of interior, defense, and health. In February 2016, a U.S. airstrike on an ISIS training camp in western Libya targeted and killed dozens of foreign fighters including Tunisian Noureddine Chouchanne, who is believed to have planned two deadly terrorist attacks in Tunisia in 2015. [50], Conclusion Die Brigade Okba Ibn Nafaa hat ihre Stützpunkte nach Angaben der Sicherheitskräfte vor allem in den abgelegenen Bergen von Chaambi an der Grenze zu Algerien. Also see Imed O., “Selon les services de renseignement spéciaux tunisiens: Abou Iyadh aurait visité les terroristes au mont Chaambi,” Liberté-Algérie, June 15, 2013; Lebovich. (24.03.2017), Der Bundesrat hat erwartungsgemäß den Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung durchfallen lassen, Algerien, Tunesien und Marokko zu sicheren Herkunftsländern zu erklären. Routine security operations are likely to continue in the Kasserine region over the coming weeks. Understanding AQIM’s policies toward Tunisia requires an awareness of the group’s perceptions of the changes brought by the Arab uprisings, and how these changes in turn influence its strategy toward the region. No Americans were killed in the attack. Das nordafrikanische Land erlebte seit seiner Revolution Anfang des Jahres 2011 zahlreiche islamistisch motivierte Gewalttaten, bei denen dutzende Sicherheitskräfte und rund 60 ausländische Touristen getötet wurden. While Tunisian officials have charged that members of AST may have been involved in the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade and the incidents around Jebel Chaambi, and that AST leader Abu Iyadh al-Tunisi has visited the mountain, this information is impossible to confirm and could be related to the tensions between the Ennahda-led government and AST. The commander, identified as Mourad Chaieb, is the Algerian leader of Okba Ibn Nafaa. Certain Western governments advise against travel to the south of the country, e.g. In a message circulated on jihadist forums the group said it had "ambushed" the guards. The return of its public rhetoric coincided with AST’s ascendance, as well as Tunisia’s leading Islamist party, Ennahda, distancing itself from Salafist movements following the September 2012 attack on the U.S. Embassy in Tunis. Around the same time, security forces foiled an attack targeting the mausoleum of former Tunisian president Habib Bourguiba. [41] Following security incidents that month in Kasserine and the arrests of 16 militants reputedly linked to AQIM, Laarayedh publicly identified the group, saying that it was led by Algerians close to AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel. In the first two months of 2016, tourism revenue was down 54 percent compared to the same period in 2015. Die Gruppe habe "terroristische Operationen" während des islamischen Fastenmonats Ramadan geplant, der in diesem Jahr Ende Mai beginnt. According to police, the assailants used homemade explosives. It is known that Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade is using the same tactics in Jebel Chaambi…. By December 2015, this figure is estimated to have climbed to 6,000. See Stefano M. Torelli, Fabio Merone & Francesco Cavatorta, “Salafism in Tunisia: Challenges and Opportunities for Democratization,” Middle East Policy 19:4 (2012). [25] AQIM stated that the “Islamic movement” should focus on spreading its message through da`wa while avoiding takfir (excommunication). Multiple users within govermental/military, corporate, and media, as well as colleges and universities, receive pro-rated subscription discounts based on the number of users. It is unclear whether or to what extent KUIN is distinct from the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade. In July 2019, Tunisia banned the niqab, the Islamic full-face veil, in public places out of concern that it could be used to conceal weapons or explosives. [38] Zohra Abid, “Tunisie. A Reuters investigation into the Bardo Museum attack revealed that the two perpetrators had been radicalized in Salafist mosques and that the younger of the two, 21-year-old Jabeur Khachnaoui, was initially exposed to radical content via a preaching tent outside his school. ; Roger, “Tunisie: sur la trace des djihadistes du mont Chaambi.” Other reports indicated the presence of purported training camps in Tunisia as early as last fall. According to estimates by the Ministry of the Interior, several thousand Tunisian nationals are currently fighting for IS and other armed groups in Iraq, Syria, and Libya, raising fears that they could return to Tunisia to perpetrate attacks. The Tunisian army has been fighting with groups including the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade, KUIN, and JAK-T in the region and, according to a 2018 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace report, over the last seven years 127 Islamic militants and 118 Tunisian … Later, AQIM offered support and advice to AST, as a look at a series of AQIM’s subsequent statements demonstrates. In the end, 21 foreign tourists were killed from France, Spain, Colombia, Italy, Japan, Australia, Belgium, Poland, Britain, and Russia along with a Tunisian policeman. See “Tunisian Salafi Ansar al-Shari’ah Gaining Hard-line Jihadist Support,” BBC Monitoring, May 24, 2012; Fabio Merone, “Salafism in Tunisia: An Interview with a Member of Ansar al-Shari`a,” Jadaliyya, April 11, 2013. [44] “Fifth Mine Explodes in Mount Chaambi, No Victims,” Tunis Afrique Press, May 20, 2013. He also became associated with Algeria’s Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) during this period and facilitated Tunisians’ travel to Algeria so they could receive militant training with the GSPC. Referring specifically to Tunisia, he said that “present circumstances…require that the people of monotheism concentrate on the aspect of preaching,” due to ignorance of Islam caused by Zine El Abidine Ben Ali’s fallen regime. See Zelin, “Missionary at Home, Jihadist Abroad.” For AST leaders’ explanations of their devotion to jihadist violence, see Galasso, “Intervista ad Hassan Ben Brik”; Merone, “Salafism in Tunisia.”. [35] The militants, reportedly AQIM members, included Algerians, Libyans, and Tunisians, two of whom were, according to Tunisian authorities, part of a group of fighters who tried to infiltrate and recruit fighters in Tunisia in 2006 and 2007 known as the Suleiman Group. In October 2013, a suicide bomber attacked the Riadh Palms hotel in Sousse with no reported casualties. (Sources: New York Times, Washington Institute For Near East Policy, Eurasia Review, Al-Monitor), Many Salafist groups in Tunisia, including AST, have expanded their membership by recruiting at mosques. These groups maintain a low-level insurgency, mostly targeting security forces within the western interior region, particularly the mountainous ranges of Kasserine, Kef, and Jendouba governorates. U.S. military aid to Tunisia tripled in 2015, with the United States providing Tunisian security forces with border defense training, 52 Humvees, and a patrol boat. (Sources: Washington Post, Washington Post, News Corp Australia Network, Asharq Al-awsat, Independent), Tunisian authorities have sought to better investigate terror cells that allegedly direct Tunisan nationals to carry out attacks abroad. It is not known if Katibat Uqbah Ibn Nafi and Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade are the same outfit. Tunisie : Katiba Okba Ibn Nafaa publie une vidéo de « l’attaque de Henchir Ettala » Un compte youtube, « Oka Iben Nafee », a diffusé dans la soirée du 9 mai 2015, une vidéo dans laquelle on voit un camp de l’Armée tunisienne attaquée. As a courtesy to private researchers, TRAC offers a discounted rate to individuals who are subscribing from a personal email address and paying with a personal credit/debit card. In addition, AST leader Seifallah Ben Hassine advocated for the creation of an Islamic workers collective to challenge the secular Tunisian General Labor Union. Der 36-Jährige hatte per Eilantrag um Asyl gebeten. [37] “Tunisie: violences et défi salafiste,” International Crisis Group, February 13, 2013. In December 2014, a KUIN and/or Okba ibn Nafaa Brigade splinter group called Jund al-Khilafah-Tunisia (JAK-T) announced its allegiance to ISIS. The U.S. Department of State issued a Travel Warning on September 29, 2016, which was later replaced by another Travel Warning on May 2017. Tunisian Combatant Group,” UN Security Council, April 7, 2011; Aaron Y. Zelin, “Missionary at Home, Jihadist Abroad: A Profile of Tunisia’s Abu Ayyad the Amir of Ansar al-Shari`a,” Militant Leadership Monitor 3:4 (2012); Lorenzo Vidino, Al Qaeda in Europe: The New Battleground of International Jihad (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2005). Two of the attackers were killed, but one managed to escape. [45] Antoine Lambroschini, “Jihadists Hunted in Tunisia ‘Former Mali Fighters,’” Agence France-Presse, May 8, 2013. During that conference, AST leaders reportedly called on attendees to boycott the media, which they accused of slandering the Salafist movement. [48] Aziz M., “Frontière algéro-libyenne: Le boom du trafic d’armes,” El Watan, June 21, 2013; “Algérie: surveillance renforcé à la frontière tunisienne,” Agence France-Presse, May 4, 2013. [44] Between then and early June, at least 20 Tunisian soldiers were wounded, some seriously, and two killed by improvised explosive devices on the mountain. The politician’s sister stated, “Ennahda killed my brother.” In cities across the country, citizens burned tires and blocked roads. That year, 70 hotels in Tunisia were forced to close due to decreased demand and annual revenue from tourism dropped 35 percent. It is not known if Katibat Uqbah Ibn Nafi and Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade are the same outfit. AQIM was evolving to a more hostile stance toward Ennahda—one that mirrors the increasing anger of Salafists and Salafi-jihadis toward Ennahda, and the worsening AST-Ennahda relationship. AQIM’s Strategic Outlook (Sources: BBC News, BBC News, The Seattle Times, Reuters, Morocco World News), Since the beginning of 2016, more than 15,000 suspected extremists have been monitored by Tunisian security forces. Groups and individuals included in TRAC's database range from actual perpetrators of social or political violence to more passive groups that support or condone (perhaps unwittingly) such violence. See “Tunisie – Mohamed Hassen à la Mosquée Okba Ibn Nafaâ: Une foule, survoltée, réclame la Chariâa (vidéo),” Business News [Tunis], May 3, 2013. During the workshop, the CTED advised Tunisia on issues including law enforcement and border control. On October 29, armed with a knife and shouting “Allahu akbar”—“God is great” in Arabic—Tunisian immigrant Ibrahim Issaoui stabbed and killed three people at Notre Dame Basilica in Nice, France. Une prise magnifique hier de La Grande Mosquée Okba Ibn Nafaâ de Kairouan sous un ciel gris et pluvieux, par Faycel David. TRAC is a unique, comprehensive resource for the study of political violence of all kinds. (Sources: DNI, UN Security Council, U.S. Department of State, Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Reuters, AARMS, Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium, Federation of American Scientists), Many Tunisians, who were formerly aligned with al-Qaeda, have shifted their allegiance to ISIS. © 2020 Deutsche Welle | [42] Laarayedh added that the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade was composed largely of recruits from the region of Kasserine, which abuts Algeria, and that the group’s goal was to provide initial training before sending fighters along to “real” AQIM camps in Algeria or Libya. If you choose to subscribe at the end of the trial, the trial cost will be deducted from the price of your subscription. Later, at Brahmi’s funeral, “tens of thousands” of citizens protested against terrorism and called for the overthrow of the Islamist-led government. (Sources: Middle East Monitor, Financial Action Task Force), In the past, Tunisian citizens have openly demonstrated against extremism. Interestingly, the Uqba ibn Nafi mosque in Qayrawan, a city renowned for its longstanding tradition of Islamic scholarship, has become a bastion of Salafist preaching since 2011. However, a spokesperson for the Tunis court has claimed as of yet, there is no evidence of the group’s existence in Tunisia. Fourteen German tourists, two French tourists and three Tunisian nationals were killed, and more than 30 others were wounded. In der Kleinstadt hatte sich der Gemüsehändler Mohammed Bouazizi Ende 2010 aus Verzweiflung über Behördenwillkür selbst verbrannt. AQIM has urged AST to be patient to prevent the Tunisian government from cracking down on its activities. [23] Therefore, AQIM said that it is better to work together than to engage in intra-Islamist infighting, which would only help those with a secular or liberal agenda. GardaWorld is the world’s largest privately owned security company, offering transportation and cash vault services, physical and specialized security solutions and, with the Crisis24 portal, the dissemination of verified information pertaining to international security. Please write [email protected] or hit the "SUBMIT ADDITIONS" button on the page of the group profile about which you wish to comment. Within Ben Gardane, there are believed to be dozens of ISIS sleeper cells, and an illegal market of weapons and ammunition is known to have historically flowed through the city to neighboring Libya. Join our team of more than 102,000 professionals around the world. If true, the reports about Algerian deployments in Tunisia would mark a shift from Algeria’s public stance on the deployment of Algerian forces outside of Algerian borders. regions on the borders with Algeria and Libya, and the Kasserine region, due to the presence of armed groups. See Malik Aït-Aoudia, “Tunisie: qui protège les camps jihadistes?” Marianne, October 23, 2012. [40], In December 2012, the situation escalated with the emergence of what Tunisian officials termed AQIM’s attempt to set up a branch in Tunisia, the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade. When travel emergencies do occur - whether they are due to accidents, political unrest or natural disasters, the key is response and crisis management. Nach Angaben der Nationalgarde hatten Ermittler herausgefunden, dass die mit Aqmi verbündete Gruppe Brigade Okba Ibn Nafaa Kontakt zu Menschen in Sidi Bouzid hatte, das rund 200 Kilometer südwestlich der Hauptstad Tunis liegt. Salafists have also proselytized students through “preaching tents” set up outside of school grounds. All rights reserved. [3] Regional security officials, therefore, perceive the incidents on Tunisia’s border with Algeria beginning in late April 2013 as highlighting AQIM’s increased focus on Tunisia. A number of militant Islamist groups are present in the country, particularly in mountainous regions in the northwest, including Katibat Uqba bin Nafir (affiliated with AQIM), Ansar al-Sharia Tunisia (AST), and IS-affiliated Jund al-Khilafah. As noted by Zelin, it is likely that the number of Tunisian jihadists in Libya will continue to rise “amid the 2017 collapse of the Islamic State centers in Iraq and Syria.” (Sources: Reuters, Vocativ, Wilson Center, Washington Institute, Washington Institute), Tunisian nationals have also planned and executed a number of significant attacks in Europe. Subsequently, protests broke out in the northwestern Tunisian city of Jendouba. Most recently, until September 1, 2018, the border was closed for over six weeks. [3] See, for example, Benjamin Roger, “Tunisie: sur la trace des djihadistes de mont Chaambi,” Jeune Afrique, May 7, 2013; Mourad Sellami, “Les précisions du ministre de l’Intérieur tunisien,” El Watan [Algiers], December 22, 2012; “Tunisie-Alqaida-Aqmi: Groupes armés, Larayedh sonne l’alert,” Tunis Afrique Presse, December 21, 2012; Andrew Lebovich, “Confronting Tunisia’s Jihadists,” Foreign Policy, May 16, 2013. Like the assassination of Belaid, many felt the government had a hand in the killing. [14] Abu Mus`ab al-Wadud, “In Support of the Intifadah of our People in Tunisia,” al-Andalus Media, January 13, 2011. Signup for our mailing list to receive a free incident report from TRAC. Terrorist attacks within the country are often followed by massive counter protests of people marching against violence and in solidarity with the victims. Get the latest news on extremism and counter-extremism delivered to your inbox. In early 2016, news agencies began reporting on a major push by ISIS to recruit Tunisian women for suicide bombings. Tunisia has been waging an offensive against the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigades, claiming the killing of three senior leaders in a security forces raid last month. Bewaffnete Dschihadisten konnten sich seit der Revolution verstärkt ausbreiten. [41] Mourad Sellami, “Cellule d’Al Qaîda démantelée aux frontières: Les precisions du ministre de l’intérieur tunisien,” El Watan, December 22, 2012. Ennahda, Tunisia’s Islamist political party, contested democratic elections after the fall of the Zine El Abidine Ben Ali government and won a majority of seats. See Abu al-Mundhir al-Shinqiti, “Answers to Questions from Our Tunisian Brothers,” Minbar al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, December 15, 2011. Versenden Facebook Twitter google+ Tumblr VZ Xing Newsvine Digg. The Suleiman Group was built around several jihadists, led by a former Tunisian national guardsman named Lassad Sassi. Les autorités tunisiennes ont annoncé le … TUNIS - A Tunisian border guard was killed in a shootout with jihadists on the border with Algeria, officials said Monday, in an attack claimed by the North African country's main extremist group. See “Tunisie – Mohamed Hassen à la Mosquée Okba Ibn Nafaâ: Une foule, survoltée, réclame la Chariâa (vidéo),” Business News [Tunis], May 3, 2013. IS has claimed both attacks. [33] The GSPC and later AQIM were regarded as largely focused on Algeria. Oqba Ibn Nafi (en arabe : عقبة بن نافع (ʿOqba ibn Nāfiʿ)), né en 622 à La Mecque (actuelle Arabie saoudite), et mort en 683 à Sidi Okba (actuelle Algérie), est un gouverneur et général arabe au service du califat des Rachidoune sous le règne d' Omar, puis plus tard, le califat omeyyade sous les règnes de Muawiya I … [2] Regional security officials have described the Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade as an attempt to establish a Tunisian jihadist group linked to AQIM, one that purportedly combines local recruits from western Tunisia’s Kasserine area and some members of AST under the guidance and leadership of figures reputedly close to AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel (also known as Abu Mus`ab al-Wadud). For an in-depth discussion of early Salafi-jihadi perceptions of the Arab uprisings, see Daveed Gartenstein-Ross and Tara Vassefi, “Perceptions of the ‘Arab Spring’ Within the Salafi-Jihadi Movement,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 35:12 (2012). [36] Contemporary reporting identified these two as Sofiane Ben Amor and Abdelwaheb Hmaied. [39], During this period, according to Algerian officials, the flow of arms increased through and within Tunisia (from both Libya and Algeria), a trend that became noticeable in the Algerian provinces of El Oued and Tebessa, which border Tunisia, as well as in close inland provinces like Khenchela and Bouira. [37] The clashes resulted in the deaths of two militants and the recovery of 34 automatic weapons and nearly $55,000 in cash. In January 2016, Tunisia received two ships from the U.S. military to help combat illegal immigration across the Mediterranean. Issaoui beheaded one victim and slit the throat of a second. Advising Tunisians, Ennahda, and AST Copyright © 2020 TRAC - All rights reserved. [6] To those who can be categorized as Salafiyya `Almiyya, democracy is “a tempting, but ultimately dead-end street,” and instead of engaging in party politics they choose “apolitical lives of quietist piety.”[7] Political Salafists have much in common with Salafiyya `Almiyya, but believe participation in democratic politics is justified despite its flaws because it “could serve as a vehicle to attain a more caliphate-like, Shari`a-based polity.”[8] Those who can be considered Salafiyya Jihadiyya reject both democratic participation and also the quietism of Salafiyya `Almiyya. Authorities also blame the group for the Bardo museum attack. Although AST remains numerically small, it enjoys influence beyond its numbers. Following the deadly October 2020 attack in Nice, France, on October 30, the counterterrorism division of Tunisia’s public prosecutor’s office opened an investigation into the group Al Mahdi in Southern Tunisia. Following an attack on the Tunis Bardo Museum that claimed the lives of 21 tourists and one Tunisian national on March 18, 2015, thousands of Tunisians gathered outside the Museum chanting “Tunisia is free! Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb has established a base in Tunisia, from where the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade apparently planned the attacks on the Bardo Museum. After al-Qaeda formally disassociated from ISIS in February 2014, now-deceased AST deputy leader Kamel Zarrouk reportedly traveled to Syria to join ISIS. [11] For praise of AST by key Salafi-jihadi figures, see “Journalistic Encounter with the Director of Al-Andalus Media Foundation,” al-Qa`ida in the Islamic Maghreb, April 18, 2013; “Web: Jihadists Send Mixed Messages to Tunisia’s Salafis,” BBC Monitoring, November 8, 2012. The attack was allegedly set to occur just days before the country’s parliamentary elections. The TCG’s involvement with the GSPC/AQIM, however, was limited for a number of years. [51], Thus, while it is not clear that this is the result of coordination between the two groups, AQIM has served as a safety valve for AST. (Sources: Middle East Institute, Middle East Online, Business Standard, USA Today, New York Times), Tunisian militants—including the perpetrators of the 2015 Bardo Museum attack and 2015 Sousse attacks—have traveled to Libya to receive training at ISIS camps and many have subsequently gone on to fight in Syria. The Crisis24 Global Security Portal is GardaWorld’s centralized online system for all information relevant to travel safely to destinations around the world. (Sources: Reuters, Aspen Institute), Nearly 85 percent of Tunisians polled in December 2016 said that Tunisia’s current economic situation was “somewhat bad” or “very bad,” and 66 percent said the government should treat employment as its top priority for Tunisian youth. Tunisie – Arrestation d’un terroriste de Katibat Okba Ibn Nafaâ et saisie d’un fusil Kalachnikov. La groupe de Bir Ali Ben Khalifa est lié à Al Qaïda,” Kapitalis, February 13, 2012. Fire Protection and Confined Space Monitoring, Tunisia: Security forces kill two militants in Kasserine August 9. Due to the terrorist threat, individuals in Tunisia are advised to remain vigilant and to report any suspicious objects or behavior to the authorities, particularly when visiting sites deemed particularly likely to be targeted in an attack (public transportation, train stations, ports, airports, public or government buildings, embassies or consulates, international organizations, schools and universities, religious sites, markets, hotels and restaurants frequented by foreigners/Westerners, festivals, etc.). It has urged AST to deescalate its confrontations with the state, even while AQIM itself has adopted an increasingly harsh tone toward the Tunisian government and appears to be escalating its activities in the Algeria-Tunisia border region.[52]. [27] Without a critical mass of Salafi-jihadis at home, AQIM warned, Tunisia would be ceded to secularists who “spread corruption.”[28]. The second conference was held in the western city of Kairouan and was reportedly attended by more than 10,000 Islamists. [13] Thomas Joscelyn, “Tunisian ‘Martyrs’ Celebrated by Ansar al Sharia,” The Long War Journal, March 13, 2013; Ahmed Maher, “Tunisia’s Radical Divide over Salafi Agenda,” BBC, June 6, 2013; Thomas A. Bass, “How Tunisia is Turning Into a Salafist Battleground,” The Atlantic, June 20, 2013. [43], After several months searching for militants in the region of Jebel Chaambi, Tunisia’s highest mountain, and further north toward El Kef, Tunisian security forces struck a homemade mine on the mountain on April 29, 2013. Oqba Ibn Nafi (en arabe : عقبة بن نافع (ʿOqba ibn Nāfiʿ) [note 1]), né en 622 à La Mecque (actuelle Arabie saoudite), et mort en 683 à Sidi Okba (actuelle Algérie) [1], est un gouverneur et général arabe au service du califat des Rachidoune sous le règne d'Omar, puis plus tard, le califat omeyyade sous les règnes de Muawiya I er et Yazid I er.
Semis Néflier Commun, étapes Mariage Algérien, Condition Mariage Islam Sounnah, Université De Droit France, Exercice De Math Ce2,